On March 27, 2018, the 7th International Conference on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium and Deep Geothermal Resources with the theme of "Clean Geothermal, Zero-Carbon China" was held at China University of Geosciences (Beijing), hosted by China University of Geosciences (Beijing). The conference invited experts and scholars in the field of geothermal energy from home and abroad to have an in-depth discussion on the latest theoretical research on geothermal exploration and development, the application of achievements and commercial promotion mode, the development and utilization planning of the geothermal industry, the strategic layout and key technologies, and the typical cases on the efficient utilization of geothermal energy.

The conference was co-organized by Tongfang Artificial Environment Co., Ltd, Shandong Kerui Clean Energy Co., Ltd, Beijing Taili New Energy Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, Geothermal Professional Committee of China Energy Research Society, Geothermal Professional Committee of China Mining Federation, Geothermal Professional Committee of China Geological Society. Nearly 400 people attended the conference, including international friends from 8 different countries, relevant government departments, scientific research institutes, representatives of famous enterprises in the industry, and media. The conference was co-chaired by Prof. Ke-Wen Li from China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Prof. Jia-Ling Zhu from Tianjin University, Dong-Guang Wen, Director of Hydro-Environmental Geological Survey Center of China Geological Survey, and Zhong-Wei Huang, Director of Department of Oil and Gas Well Engineering of China University of Petroleum (Beijing).

Professor Roland Horne, member of the U.S. Academy of Engineering and Director of the Geothermal Program at Stanford University, gave a keynote speech on "Analytical and Experimental Study of Measuring Enthalpy in Geothermal Reservoirs with a Downhole Tool". 

Academician Duo Ji of Chinese Academy of Engineering made a thematic report on "Yangbajing Next Deep Geothermal Resource Development Suggestions

Academician Dorjee gave a lecture on the geological background of Tibet, the geological conditions of the hot field, the resource profile, and the current situation of development and utilization.

Susan Petty, CEO of AltaRock Energy, gave a keynote speech on "Coal to Geothermal in China: SuperHot EGS and Deep Sedimentary Basins".

Wang Guiling, Assistant Director of the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, made a presentation on "Progress of Geothermal Investigation in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei".

Assistant Wang Guiling gave a lecture on the coupled utilization of shallow geothermal energy and urban underground space, the balanced technology of extraction and irrigation at a depth of 4000 meters, and the detection and evaluation of geothermal resources of the new stratigraphic system at a depth of 4000 meters.

Kamel Hooman gave a keynote speech on "Enabling technologies for geothermal power generation in Australia".

Prof. Li Kewen of China University of Geosciences (Beijing) gave a keynote speech on "Zero Carbon China". 

Prof. Li gave an introduction from three aspects: national energy demand, national energy security, and clean energy development, pointing out that China can replace all coal heating with geothermal heating around 2050, and that it is feasible to replace all of China's energy demand with clean energy in the next 30 years or so.

Prof. K.Y. Zheng of the Geothermal Professional Committee of the China Energy Research Society gave a keynote speech on "What is hindering the development of geothermal in China".

Professor Zheng analyzed the factors affecting the development of geothermal in China from many levels. He pointed out that the management of geothermal in many places now requires "balanced mining and irrigation" and "100% recharge", otherwise no approval for mining, which is overkill and unnecessary. It also pointed out that it is unreasonable to preset prospecting rights for geothermal development. Geothermal resources are not equivalent to groundwater resources.

Sustainable development of geothermal resources is the best goal. Finally, Prof. Zheng put forward his opinions and suggestions on the healthy and rapid development of geothermal in China. 

Prof. Zhu Jialing from Tianjin University made a presentation on "Research on Heat Transfer Characteristics of ORC Power Generation System Evaporator".

Prof. Zhu gave a detailed explanation in four aspects, namely, the current status of research on domestic and foreign ORC medium and low temperature power generation technology, the research progress of evaporative heat exchanger characteristics and criterion equations, shell heat exchanger flow boiling heat transfer outside the tube and criterion equations, and plate evaporator flow boiling heat transfer and criterion equations.

Mr. Zhao Jiankang, Technical Director of Tongfang Artificial Environment Co., Ltd. made a keynote report on "Application of Heat Pump Technology in Geothermal Resources Development".

Director Zhao gave a detailed introduction to the utilization technology of heat pumps in the development of deep geothermal resources.

Prof. Zhou Fubao of China University of Mining and Technology made a presentation on "Prevention and Control of Underground Coal Fires and Utilization of Thermal Energy".

Prof. Zhou made a detailed analysis from the overview of underground coal fire, traditional coal fire management and its effectiveness, prevention and control of thermal hazards in coal fire areas and utilization of thermal resources.

The topic "Overview of binary technology for clean utilization of geothermal energy, from low to high temperature resources" was presented by Rocco, Engineer, TURBODEN, Italy.

Rocco introduced the application of the duplex power generation technology developed by his company in the clean utilization of high and medium low temperature geothermal resources. As one of the top two geothermal energy developers in the field of geothermal development in the world, Turboden and Shandong Kerui Clean Energy Co., Ltd. have carried out a wide range of strategic cooperation in the field of geothermal power generation and industrial waste heat power generation, and have been actively promoting the development and utilization of geothermal energy on a global scale.

Mr. He Zhiliang, Vice President of Sinopec E&P Research Institute, made a presentation on "Ideas and Example Analysis on Selection of Sites and Areas for Dry-Heat Rock EGS Projects".

President He made a detailed introduction from the development of dry heat rock, commercial operation, FORGE project test, dry heat rock constituency evaluation ideas and methods, parameters, and value criteria. 

China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Professorate Senior Engineer Cha Yongjin made a presentation on the topic of "EGS Power Generation Drilling and Completion and Production Enhancement Technology 2020 - 2035 National Attack Proposal

Mr. Cha Yongjin discussed the problems of EGS geothermal drilling technology, and the key technologies restricting the drilling and completion of ultra-high temperature wells are: the drilling fluid can not withstand high temperature, and the cementing cement and cement paste have poor temperature resistance. The next research plan was proposed to include the research of key equipment and technology for drilling wells in ultra-high-temperature strata, and key technology for underground engineering of EGS power generation in the high geothermal gradient region of the Tibetan Plateau, so as to form the drilling and completing and production enhancement capacity for large-scale development of geothermal heat, and to realize the rapid growth of the scale of geothermal energy power generation.

Jeong Pyeong from Korea gave a presentation on "Application of Water Hammer Drilling Rig in Medium and Deep Geothermal Development".

Mr. Song Xianzhi, Associate Professor of China University of Petroleum, made a presentation on the topic of "Research on Heat Extraction Technology of Medium and Deep Geothermal Wells in a Single Well". 

Prof. Song introduced the single well heat extraction system for geothermal wells, and proposed that the core issue is the efficient and low-cost heat extraction system - the maximum capacity of the reservoir. He also introduced the reservoir capacity model of single-well system, single-well downhole heat exchanger geothermal system, single-well coaxial casing closed geothermal system, single-well coaxial casing open geothermal system, U-shape closed-circulation geothermal system, and multi-branch radial-well geothermal system, respectively. Technical issues such as the effect of heat extraction from a single well and the effect of heat extraction power of the system are analyzed.

Associate Professor Zhihong Zhao of Tsinghua University gave a presentation on "Equivalent Seepage Channel Modeling and Engineering Applications for Non-Homogeneous Thermal Storage". 

Prof. Zhao explained the seepage heat transfer process in non-homogeneous thermal storage, geothermal tailwater recharge model, analysis and calculation methods.

After the experts' systematic explanation, they pointed out the direction for the efficient utilization of geothermal energy in China and explored the feasible development path, which will also help the national energy-saving and emission reduction strategy to be realized as soon as possible.

Pictured is the Sixth Highly Efficient Development of Medium and Deep Geothermal Resources

Main session of the International Conference on Utilization

On March 27-28, 2017, the 6th International Conference on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium and Deep Geothermal Resources was held in China University of Geosciences (Beijing). The conference was hosted by the University of Geosciences, exclusively sponsored by Beijing Teli New Energy Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. and co-organized by Teli and Suning County People's Government. Roland Horne, former president of the International Geothermal Association, professor of Stanford University and academician of the American Academy of Engineering, Cao Yaofeng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineers and director of the first energy industry standardization technical committee for geothermal energy, Zheng Keyen, director of the International Geothermal Association and director of the expert committee of the Geothermal Committee of the China Energy Research Association, Pang Zhonghe, director of the Geothermal Committee of the China Geophysical Society, and Pang Zhonghe, director of the shallow geothermal energy of the Geological Survey of China. Pang Zhonghe, Director of Geothermal Professional Committee of China Geophysical Society, Li Ningbo, Executive Deputy Director of Shallow Geothermal Energy Research and Promotion Center of China Geological Survey, Director of Beijing Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development Bureau, Zhang Senqi, Professor Senior Engineer of State Bureau of Geological Survey, Wang Bingzhen, Hydrogeologist, Master Surveyor, Former Counselor of the State Council, Shen Mengpei, Researcher of Institute of Earthquake Prediction of China Earthquake Administration, Former Counselor of the State Council, and Wang Guiling, Assistant to Director of Institute of Hydrogeology & Environmental Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and other Many experts made reports at the meeting, and Prof. Li Kewen from China University of Geosciences and Stanford University presided over the meeting. For the efficient development and utilization of medium and deep geothermal resources, in-depth discussions were held with the participating peers and industry representatives. This conference fully integrates the theoretical research on geothermal development, the application of results and commercial promotion mode, discusses the development and utilization planning of geothermal industry, strategic layout and related key technologies, and puts forward constructive suggestions for the efficient utilization and sustainable development of geothermal energy.

Pictured is Yang Mingyi, Governor of Sunning County, Hebei Province, delivering a speech for the conference.

Director Pang Zhonghe focused on "Geothermal Utilization and Response to Haze in North China", from the background and vision of geothermal development, opportunities and national needs, geothermal resource endowment and urgent needs in North China, and progress of research on key technologies, he explained that the demand for clean heating in winter in North China matches well with the distribution of geothermal resources, and that geothermal heating can help to adjust the structure of energy utilization in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei regions, transform the economic development mode, achieve energy saving and emission reduction, improve the environment, and reduce haze. Geothermal heating is conducive to the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to adjust the structure of energy use, change the mode of economic development, energy saving and emission reduction, improve the environment and reduce haze.

Pictured is the Geothermal Professional Committee of the Chinese Geophysical Society

Director Pang Zhonghe addressed the meeting

Roland N. Horne, former president of the International Geothermal Association, professor of Stanford University and academician of the American Academy of Engineering, made a report on "Analysis of Reservoir Fluid Response at Fenton Hill EGS Site", elaborating on the latest research results on fracture and tectonics. In total, more than 20 experts and 10 enterprise representatives focused on geothermal exploration and development engineering, geothermal power generation technology and application, deep high-quality dry-heat rock development research, high-temperature drilling technology, geothermal tailing water recharge technology, geothermal development practice, innovative business models, and "13th Five-Year Plan" on geothermal work requirements and other topics. Speeches.

Pictured is Roland N. Horne, former President of the International Geothermal Association, Professor at Stanford University, and member of the American Academy of Engineering, speaking at the conference

Innovation in Geothermal Development

This meeting emerges from the geothermal development of new highlights, including the cooperation between Telly and the local government to Telly's technology plus Tongren funds, and jointly promote the application of geothermal energy in the Tongren area of the "Tongren model" by the participants of the extensive attention, this new model will lead to the development of geothermal energy on a large scale, the development of leaps and bounds.

Cai Jiang, Chairman of Tongren Jiulong Mining, explained the new highlight of geothermal development "Tongren Model" to the participants.

Words Sunning Geothermal Heating

The conference paid special attention to the heating of representative sandstone thermal storage in North China. The "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development and Utilization of Geothermal Energy" clearly points out that: vigorously develop geothermal heating as a substitute for fossil energy, and the "13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Renewable Energy in Hebei Province" points out that by 2020, the total area of renewable energy heating will reach 160 million square meters. The total area of renewable energy heating will reach 160 million square meters by 2020. Suning County, Hebei Province is a typical sandstone thermal storage heating representative area in North China, with a heating area of nearly 4 million square meters, but the old geothermal heating for the traditional crude direct supply and discharge. 2016 Suning County government of the county geothermal resources integration, in which Taili joined hands with the Chengde Thermal Power to set up a joint venture company for the entire Suning region of the optimization of the repair of the geothermal heating, the introduction of new technology, new technology for the gradient utilization of geothermal resources, the introduction of new technology, new technology for the optimization of geothermal energy. Geothermal resources gradient utilization, after the overall transformation and network monitoring, and ultimately realize intelligent scheduling, enterprises and the government to cooperate, and strive to SUNING into a geothermal resources efficient development of sustainable development of the demonstration counties, sandstone thermal storage centralized heating success stories in North China is more replicable, can be promoted, and is more worthy of the industry research, practice.

The picture shows that Ye Hongyu, Chief Engineer of Beijing Teli New Energy, made an academic report entitled "Analysis of bottlenecks and countermeasures of sandstone thermal storage geothermal centralized heating technology" at the meeting.

Mr. Wang Jidong, General Manager of Beijing Teli New Energy, made a closing speech for the conference.

Telly company as the exclusive sponsor of the title contractor, Suning County Government as the organizer of the conference and Telly company to promote the use of geothermal sustainable heating, the conference has more than 10 experts and scholars from four continents, as well as more than 400 domestic conference delegates, respectively, from colleges and universities, scientific research institutes, enterprises, the government, the size of the previous session increased by double. Attending the opening ceremony of the conference were the president of the University of Earth, four academicians, two counsellors of the State Council, as well as the leadership of the Ministry of Housing and Construction, the Ministry of Land, the Ministry of Environmental Protection. The conference also organized a visit to Suning County to learn about the application of geothermal tail water recharge technology for sandstone thermal storage and the construction of regional networked energy station to solve the problem of green and sustainable use of local geothermal. 

The picture shows that the participants went to visit SUNING County.

The picture shows the participants of the 6th International Conference on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium and Deep Geothermal Resources.

"The Fifth Conference on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium and Deep Geothermal Resources was held from March 16 to March 18, 2016 in the Conference Center of Beijing Geological University. Representatives from universities, colleges and research institutes of geothermal development and utilization technology research and development in many provinces and cities of China, enterprises producing geothermal special equipment, and engineering companies undertaking the design and construction of heating systems, totaling more than 130 people, attended the conference.

At the opening ceremony of the conference, President Wan Li, Vice President of University of Geosciences, made a speech, wishing the success of the conference; then Prof. Roland Horne, Director of the Geothermal Research Center of Stanford University and President of the International Geothermal Association ("World Outlook for Geothermal En-ergy, and the Technologies that will be neededto"), for the world-wide geothermal power generation, direct use, heat pumps and EGS future development, analyze and compare the characteristics of solar energy, wind energy and geothermal power generation, as well as the future of geothermal development has a wide range of market prospects, and delegates shared a lot of geothermal development and utilization of the The participants also shared a lot of information on geothermal development and utilization. Through the analysis of the data of geothermal development and utilization and the development prospect of geothermal in the world, it was put forward that in the EGS development and utilization, although we still face many problems, the development of geothermal in the world will be EGS in the future; Dr. Kamel Hooman, The University of Queensland, Australia ("Deep Geothermal resources: Challenges and Opportunities") gave a wonderful technical report on the design of cooling tower heat exchanger structures for power turbines and auxiliary engine systems using carbon dioxide; Dr. Wang Jirong from the Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Geothermal first) analyzed the history and development of geothermal development and utilization in China. Academician Wang JiRyong from Geophysical Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences comprehensively analyzed the history and development of geothermal development and utilization in China, and proposed that China should focus on the development of hydrothermal geothermal resources in combination with the characteristics of geothermal resources and develop geothermal power generation in suitable areas; Academician Wang JiRyong, in combination with the resource conditions and distribution of China, further affirmed the models of geothermal development and utilization in Xiongxian, Hebei, Xiaoyangkou, Nantong, Jiangsu, and Fengshun, Guangdong; Academician Cao Xianfeng from SINOPEC (" Geothermal resources development and utilization of the current situation and prospects"), pointed out that the development of China's geothermal resources, if the government has the appropriate policy support, geothermal should be in the "13th Five-Year Plan" total renewable energy utilization, occupying half of the river; China's State Council senior counsellor, master of geological exploration, Prof. Wang Bingzhen ( "China's geothermal energy development and utilization of new progress in the situation") combined with the development of China's shallow geothermal energy status quo, put forward China's future research and development of ground source heat pump technology will play an important role in energy saving and emission reduction, the total amount of geothermal utilization. After Wang Bingzhen master's efforts, the relevant government departments also issued a number of documents to support the development of geothermal resources for the future development of shallow geothermal energy to provide good support conditions and policy protection; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geophysics, Prof. Pang Zhonghe, also for the current survey along the Himalayan Fracture Zone in China and the western region of Sichuan geothermal development of the direction of the future development of the challenges; the "National Thousand Talents" Jilin University, the future direction of geothermal development. Thousand Talents" Prof. Xu Tianfu of Jilin University made a speech combining the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" in the EGS preliminary research results and the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" in the EGS development technology research and development ideas.

The theme of this conference is more prominent in the development and utilization of dry-heat rock related technologies in China, including geothermal geological exploration, geophysical exploration, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, logging optimization technology, thermal storage engineering, numerical modeling methodology, low and medium temperature geothermal power generation technology, the development and utilization of geothermal resources in oilfields, the optimization of EGS power generation scheme, and the potential and prospect of the future development of EGS in China, etc., and a total of 34 papers were presented at the conference. A total of 34 papers were presented at the conference.

The conference collected more than 50 papers in English and Chinese, and with the efforts of Prof. Li Kewen from China University of Geosciences, a consensus was reached with the editorial office of ENERGIES (An Open Access Journal, SCI) in Beijing, China, that the papers would be published in a special issue after the strict review of the papers by the editorial office of Energies. Reporters from China Petroleum News and Science and Technology Herald were also invited to report on the conference.

From March 22 to 23, 2015, the annual Conference on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium and Deep Geothermal Resources was held in the International Conference Center of University of Geosciences (Beijing), which was co-sponsored by China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and PetroChina Daqing Oil and Water Company, with the participation of nearly one hundred experts and scholars in related fields and enterprise representatives from universities, research institutes, and enterprises across the country.

With the theme of efficient development and utilization of medium and deep geothermal resources, more than 20 experts made speeches on geothermal exploration and development engineering, comprehensive development and utilization of geothermal energy, development and utilization of geothermal resources in oilfields, geothermal power generation technology and application, enhanced geothermal system (EGS) or dry-heat rock, and geothermal development policy and strategy, among other topics.

Roland Horne, former President of the International Geothermal Association, Member of the American Academy of Engineering, Professor at Stanford University, Member of the Chinese Academy of SciencesYang Wang JieA number of well-known experts and scholars attended the meeting.

Roland N. Horne academician's report theme is Injection-Triggered Seismicity in Geothermal Fractures (geothermal triggered fracture and seismicity), mainly about the test well interpretation and geothermal engineering research; Chinese Academy of Sciences, academician Wang Jiyang's report is the geothermal should be in the haze management and southern heating and cooling to make a greater contribution, He Manchao, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the deep well heat damage management and mine Xin energy utilization of new progress as the theme of discussion and research with the participants.

Geothermal energy has the advantages and characteristics that cannot be replaced by other renewable energy sources such as solar energy, and the development prospect is very broad. The meeting further improved the level of geothermal research in China through exchanging and discussing, and laid a solid foundation for promoting China's geothermal resources towards the road of large-scale development and utilization.

On March 17, 2014, the Third Conference on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium- and Deep-Level Geothermal Resources, co-sponsored by China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Geothermal Resources Research Center of China Geological Survey (GRRC), was held at the International Exchange Center of China University of Geosciences (CUG).

Roland Horne, former President of the International Geothermal Association, Member of the American Academy of Engineering, Professor at Stanford University, Member of the Chinese Academy of SciencesYang Wang JieMr. Wang Chengshan, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Mr. Jia Chengzao and many other well-known experts and scholars attended the meeting. China University of Geosciences Energy College Professor Li Kewen presided over the opening ceremony of the conference.

With the theme of exploring the development and utilization of medium and deep geothermal resources, especially in the application of geothermal power generation, the conference centered on the topics of comprehensive development and application of geothermal energy, development and application of geothermal resources in oilfields, geothermal power generation technology and application, engineering of geothermal exploration and development, Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) or dry-heat rock, and policy and strategy of geothermal development. The conference arranged 25 keynote reports on topics such as introducing high and new technologies to accelerate the pace of geothermal development, numerical simulation study on thermal energy of fissured bedrock in Yangbajing geothermal field with single horizontal well mining, sustainable utilization of low and medium temperature geothermal resources, and research on geothermal resource potential in major oil zones of PetroChina.  

Prof. Horne summarized the new technologies for geothermal resources development and utilization as well as the urgent problems to be solved with his rich research experience. He brought the world's latest geothermal technology research to the conference, and explained in detail how to characterize and measure the fracture parameters in thermal storage.    

At the meeting, a number of academicians, experts on China's geothermal development to make a number of important recommendations.Yang Wang JieAcademicians believe that the absorption and introduction of advanced foreign technologies should be increased to further improve the efficiency of geothermal power generation. Such as the use of laser drilling technology, can speed up drilling speed and reduce drilling costs. Recently, academician Zheng Zemin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is studying the use of small directional blasting technology to replace the shale gas extraction in the horizontal well hydraulic fracturing, the test has been successful. If this technology is used in the development of geothermal geothermal rock, will be able to promote the pace of China's dry-heat rock geothermal energy development.     

From the development trend of geothermal energy industry in recent years, China's geothermal professional and technical personnel is quite lacking, which has become a common problem in the industry. Recently, although there are several universities and research institutes that can enroll master's and doctoral students in the direction of geothermal research, the number of cultivated talents does not match with the demand of the rapid development of geothermal energy in the middle and lower regions in the future. It is imperative that institutions of higher learning should accelerate the training of geothermal-related technical personnel. 

In recent years, the haze locking the city has become a regular feature in the central and eastern regions of China. Resources, energy, disasters and environment are several major problems facing mankind today, energy saving and emission reduction and response to climate change have made the utilization of renewable energy an important strategy for national energy development, and geothermal has become one of the key development projects. Our government has seen the huge potential of geothermal energy development and the important role in improving the environment, four ministries and commissions in early 2013 issued the "guidance on the promotion of the development and utilization of geothermal energy" to the development and utilization of geothermal energy, a new source of energy to open up policy space. The Guiding Opinions pointed out that by 2015, the national installed capacity of geothermal power generation is planned to reach 100,000 kilowatts, the national geothermal heating area will reach 500 million square meters, and the annual utilization of geothermal energy will reach 20 million tons of standard coal. To achieve these goals, the geothermal industry is still facing serious challenges. Geothermal energy has the advantages and characteristics that cannot be replaced by other renewable energy sources such as solar energy, and the development prospect is very broad. China's geothermal resources are very rich, although the amount of geothermal resources and the United States in the same order of magnitude, but whether geothermal power generation or geothermal heating and other development technology and the United States there is still a big gap.  

Participating experts said that China's geothermal energy development opportunities and challenges: has been proved, has developed a small number of large-scale high-temperature geothermal fields, has been identified in the low and medium temperature large-scale high-quality thermal reserves is not enough. The utilization of geothermal energy in oil fields is still in the primary stage and has not yet formed a scale. Oilfield production process of geothermal direct use of supporting technology system has not yet formed, at present, some oilfields have carried out associated heat transmission, building heating and power generation test, but the scale of development and utilization is not enough. In particular, geothermal power generation has just begun, and only the Yangbajing geothermal power station stands alone. The thermal potential of dry-heat rock has been initially identified, and a strategic framework has been put in place, but the direction of the next step of exploration is unclear, and there is an urgent need to optimize the selection of target areas. Medium and low temperature, dry hot rock geothermal power generation supporting technology needs to continue to research, national support policies need to be further implemented.   

Through the conference, experts and scholars at home and abroad have widely exchanged views, methods and results of geothermal technology research, deepened the understanding of the development and utilization of China's medium and deep geothermal resources, and played a very good role in promoting academic exchanges and cooperation in the field of geothermal energy, and improving the level of China's geothermal resources research.

The 2nd Symposium on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium and Deep Geothermal Resources, co-sponsored by China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Institute of Water Environment of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (IWES), was held on March 14-16, 2013 at the International Conference Center of China University of Geosciences (Beijing). The conference aimed to promote academic exchanges and cooperation in the field of geothermal energy. Academician Wang Jiyang of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Academician Duo Ji and Lu Yaoru of Chinese Academy of Engineering, former Vice President of China National Petroleum Corporation and Academician Jia Chengzao of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Professor Roland Horne, President of International Geothermal Association (Academician of the U.S. Academy of Engineering and Professor of Stanford University), Professor Susan Petty, President of Alta Rock Energy, etc., were invited to attend the symposium, which was held in the International Conference Center of China University of Geosciences (Beijing). More than 100 domestic and foreign well-known experts and scholars, representatives of government agencies and energy companies attended the meeting to conduct in-depth and detailed discussions on how to efficiently develop and utilize China's deep and medium geothermal resources.

In the seminar, Prof. Roland Horne gave a lecture entitled "World Outlook for Geothermal Electricity 2013", which introduced the progress of geothermal power generation in the world in 2013 and the future development trend. At present, some countries have already established EGS programs to develop geothermal energy from dry rocks in non-volcanic areas using geothermal enhancement system (GES) technology. There are already six EGS projects under construction in the United States, trying to explore and research out reliable EGS development technology at different technical levels to guarantee sustainable and sufficiently high production capacity (temperature and flow rate) without inducing seismic disasters.

Academician Lu Yaoru, Professor Susan Petty and many other experts from home and abroad summarized the new technologies for the development and utilization of geothermal resources, as well as the problems that need to be solved urgently, and put forward constructive opinions and suggestions on the development of geothermal resources in China, in light of their research experiences. Mr. Wang Guiling, Director of Geothermal Research Laboratory of IHE, and Mr. Lin Wenjing, Associate Researcher of IHE, made a report on the geothermal research currently conducted by IHE and some of the achievements. Participants also had an in-depth discussion on the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development and Utilization of Geothermal Energy" issued by the National Energy Administration and other four ministries and commissions and how to implement them.

The experts focused on the prediction and scale development of large geothermal fields, and proposed that the focus of future research should be on the following: the selection of target areas for heat sources of intracrustal melts, Cenozoic volcanoes, deep continental rift valleys, high-radiation heat sources, and the mechanism of geothermal heat aggregation in the shallow part of the earth's crust; and the study of the mechanism for the formation of large-scale geothermal fields by matching the combination of the key elements, such as heat, storage, ventilation, and cover, and the mode of sustainable development and utilization.

The meeting focused on the development status, advantages and potential of geothermal resources at home and abroad as well as the advanced geothermal power generation technology, and discussed how to complete the national "12th Five-Year Plan" geothermal energy development plan and the possible problems and solutions to the problems and solutions to the problems and solutions to the problems and solutions to the problems. Through the exchange of research ideas, methods and achievements of the participating experts and scholars, the level of China's geothermal resources and development technology research has been further improved, and a solid foundation has been laid for the promotion of China's geothermal resources to the road of large-scale development and utilization. China's geothermal heating development is beginning to take shape, the oil and gas area geothermal has been initially utilized, dry heat rock geothermal power generation is still in its infancy, geothermal energy development opportunities and challenges exist side by side. Therefore, we should seize the opportunity and aim at the future.  

After the meeting, nearly one hundred experts and scholars issued an appeal: we should base on the existing foundation, vigorously develop geothermal resources in the oil area, accelerate the pace of evaluation and direct utilization of geothermal resources in the oil area; improve the supporting technology, develop medium and low-temperature geothermal power generation in the oil area, and the oil a heat a power cogeneration demonstration project; carry out the investigation and evaluation of China's deep dry-heat rock resources, and actively explore the dry-heat rock power generation technology, so as to provide scientific basis for our country to carry out the drilling of the high-temperature underground rock body and its development and utilization. Provide scientific basis for China to carry out underground high temperature rock drilling and exploitation.

On March 8, 2012, the First International Conference on Efficient Development and Utilization of Medium and Deep Geothermal Heat, hosted by China University of Geosciences (Beijing), was held in the International Conference Center of the university. The conference invited more than 30 well-known experts and scholars at home and abroad, including Professor Roland Horne of Stanford University, President of the International Geothermal Association and Academician of the American Academy of Engineering, Wang Jiyang, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Duo Ji, Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, as well as representatives of some geothermal resources research and development research and production units to the conference, to conduct discussions on the efficient development and utilization of geothermal resources and the potential of domestic geothermal resources, and to work together for the purpose of Promote China's geothermal resources towards large-scale development and utilization of ideas. The meeting laid a solid foundation for promoting China's geothermal resources towards large-scale development and utilization.

The conference was opened by Mr. Wan Li, Vice President of China University of Geosciences (Beijing). Prof. Roland Horne, President of International Geothermal Association (IGA), Academician of American Academy of Engineering, Stanford University, made a special academic report on "The Future of Geothermal Energy", which introduced to the delegates the utilization of U.S. geothermal resources as well as the development trend of geothermal resources in the future. As the president of the International Geothermal Association, Prof. Roland Horne has been paying great attention to the development of geothermal resources in China in recent years and has expressed his deep hope. He highly evaluated that "China is very suitable for the development of geothermal energy because it has geothermal resources, technology and manpower.

Yang Wang, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said in the report "Geothermal Energy Development and Utilization and Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction" that geothermal energy is one of the most realistic and competitive new energy sources in the family of new and renewable energy sources, and is the second largest clean energy source after solar energy. It is estimated that the heat stored in the earth's interior is about 1.7 billion times the global coal reserves, of which the usable amount is equivalent to 4,948 trillion tons of standard coal, according to the current annual consumption of the world 19 billion tons of standard coal calculations, to meet the energy needs of mankind for hundreds of thousands of years. In the report, he repeatedly emphasized the important relationship between "geothermal development and energy saving and emission reduction". Directly said, geothermal direct use of geothermal although the development of better, but there are also low resource utilization efficiency, did not form the best model of resource ladder development and comprehensive utilization. China's geothermal power generation industry in the past 30 years almost no national support, "Renewable Energy Law" although played an important role in guiding, but did not make clear the preferential support policies for geothermal power generation projects. Geothermal power generation stagnation, resulting in China's geothermal power generation technology is far behind the world's advanced countries. "The lack of industrial support policies and the lack of human resources are important reasons why the utilization of geothermal resources, which originally had an advantage, has not taken the lead."Yang Wang JieThe academician added that China is a country dominated by low and medium-temperature geothermal resources, which have great potential. In the North China Oilfield, for example, the total amount of geothermal water resources is about 17,694 billion cubic meters, containing geothermal energy equivalent to 44.6 billion tons of standard coal. "We should first base ourselves on medium- and low-temperature geothermal resources, and try to utilize medium- and low-temperature geothermal resources as much as possible first."

Long engaged in geothermal exploration and scientific research work of the first Tibetan academician of the academy of engineering dorjee also in the "Tibet geothermal resources utilization status quo and development proposals" report pointed out that, to strengthen the geothermal resources exploration and evaluation efforts to find out China's geothermal resources home base, is very important. Although China's geothermal resources after several rounds of evaluation, but the base is still unclear, especially large oil and gas sedimentary basins in the amount of geothermal resources has not been further evaluation. Exploration and evaluation lag behind the development and utilization, directly affecting the development of geothermal industry. He said that China's geothermal power generation potential is huge, of which Tibet geothermal reserves ranked first in the country. At present, the amount of development and utilization is less than one thousandth of the reserved resources, and the overall resource guarantee is quite good. Academician Duo Ji also introduced to the delegates the typical high-temperature geothermal power generation in China, a Tibet Yangbajing Geothermal Power Station, which has generated 2.576 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in March 2011, and reduced carbon dioxide emissions by more than 2.8 million tons compared with the coal-fired power generation example.

Zheng Kelou, Director of the Expert Committee of the Geothermal Professional Committee of the China Energy Research Society, said in his report that the most effective way to utilize high-temperature geothermal resources worldwide is to carry out geothermal power generation. Geothermal power generation is safe, stable, reliable, not subject to seasonal and diurnal changes, clean, low-carbon, can give full play to the advantages of geothermal resources, is other kinds of renewable energy can not be compared. The investment cost of geothermal power generation is comparable to that of hydropower and wind power, and much cheaper than that of solar photovoltaic power generation. If Tibet invests 1 billion yuan in the development of renewable energy power generation, geothermal power generation can produce 2.4 billion kWh of electricity per year, while solar power can only produce 0.18 billion kWh of electricity per year, a difference of 13 times.

Representatives of the conference made a special report on the exploration and development and utilization of geothermal resources and conducted in-depth discussions.

According to the information of this meeting, at present, there are a number of large and medium-sized enterprises involved in investing in the development of geothermal resources, and there have been a number of large-scale geothermal resources development projects have made substantial progress. For example, the Beijing Fenghe Camp Heat Field Whole Installation Exploration and Comprehensive Development Project has explored 120℃ high temperature geothermal water, and intends to develop the geothermal resources heat, electricity, cooling, steam quadruple-supply project, after all the development of nearly 50 million square meters of buildings in Beijing to provide geothermal heating services; Tibet Autonomous Region, Yangyi high-temperature geothermal resources power generation project is about to enter the stage of drilling of production wells, after all the development of the power generation capacity of 50 megawatts; Chengde City, Hebei Province, Longhua County, high temperature geothermal resources power generation project will be realized 50 MW; Chengde City, Hebei Province, Longhua County, high-temperature geothermal resources power generation project is about to enter the geothermal drilling exploration stage, after the development of installed power generation capacity of 3O MW. In addition, there are a number of large-scale development and utilization of geothermal resources project is under investigation or construction. It is believed that in the near future, with the increasing number of large-scale development projects of geothermal resources, geothermal resources will occupy a pivotal position in the ranks of important alternative energy sources.

Participating experts agreed that geothermal resources belong to green renewable energy resources, which is a more ideal alternative energy source to fossil energy. Geothermal resources are categorized into hydrothermal type, dry hot rock type and ground pressure type according to the state of existence. China's geothermal resources reserves are very rich, distribution is also very wide, according to the China Geological Survey incomplete statistics, only China's 12 major sedimentary basins of geothermal resources reserves equivalent to standard coal up to 853.2 billion tons of recoverable resources equivalent to standard coal 256 billion tons; China's continental 3000-10,000 meters deep in the hot rock resources reserves equivalent to standard coal up to 860 trillion tons, equivalent to 260,000 times the total annual energy consumption of the country.

China has huge geothermal resource reserves and broad development prospects, and is currently in a strategic opportunity for the development and utilization of geothermal energy. Therefore, the participating experts called for seizing the opportunity to act as soon as possible to support and encourage the development of new geothermal energy and to come up with a roadmap for geothermal exploration and development in China as soon as possible.      

Experts suggest that we should attach great importance to and vigorously develop the geothermal industry at the national level, scientifically plan the development and utilization of geothermal resources, increase investment, strengthen scientific research, innovate geothermal exploration, development and utilization technology, focus on solving key scientific and technological problems in the process of development and utilization of geothermal energy, and formulate relevant preferential and supportive policies, and promote the industrialization and scaling up of geothermal power generation. It is necessary to integrate advantageous forces, strengthen the introduction and cultivation of talents, break through key technologies, improve the independent innovation and core competitiveness of geothermal energy science and technology, contribute to energy conservation and emission reduction, and make due contributions to the economic and social development of mankind.